thornton wilder :: essays research papers

thornton wilder a great writer Wilder’s Writing â€Å"Either we live by accident and die by accident, or we live by plan and die by plan.† In Thornton Wilder’s The Bridge of San Luis Rey, Brother Juniper strives to make this determination. Thornton Wilder may have also tried to ascertain this himself. As one of America’s most respected contemporary authors, Thornton Niven Wilder has recieved much renown for his works, especially Pulitzer Prize winning The Bridge of San Luis Rey . Why Wilder wrote the novel and why the novel is so famous may be argued through his background and use of specific themes (Books). Thornton Wilder’s background contribute to his way of writing as well as his outlook on life. In his novel In Life as we Live it, Wilder expresses his strong belief in the preciousness of life: â€Å" Do humans ever realize life while they live it?† (Simoni).When someone asked Thornton Wilder about his purpose in writing The Bridge of San Luis Rey, he replied that he was posing a question: "Is there a direction and meaning in lives beyond the individual's own will?" (Society). The three principle influences on the writings of Thornton Wilder were his religious background, his love of classicism, and his worldwide travels. Wilder’s Family and homelife also affected his writing greatly, especially his father (Books). The time period of his life aslo brought influence on Wilder’s writing. During this time was World War II in which Wilder served and recieved ideas. The reason for Wilder’s wide acceptance and large renown in society may be answered through the author’s Life influences, the time period in which he grew up, and the style and themes that he uses in his writing. Thornton Niven Wilder was born in Madison , Wisconsin on April 18, 1897, as one of five children, one of which was his twin, of Amos Parker Wilder and Isabella Wilder.Thornton’s father was a newspaper editor, diplomat, and a strict Calvinist. His father had a great impact on Wilder’s writing. In The Bridge of San Luis Rey, the Wilder said that the idea of the collapse of the bridge stemmed from arguments with his strict father. In 1906 the family moved to Hong Kong, where his father had been appointed American Consul General. After six months his mother returned with the children to the United States, but the family rejoined again in 1911 in Shanghai, where his father had been transferred. Wilder stayed in China for a year (Encyclopedia). Wilder’s home life was characterized by a strong religious and intellectual atmosphere

Introduction to children and young people

These include rooting, sucking, swallowing, grasping, and stepping ND startle reflex. Babies are helpless when they are born and they don't have very much muscular co-ordination. They are able to focus their eyes very quickly and follow sound from side to side as well as being able to cry and make gurgling sounds Soon the muscles begin to strengthen and babies start to control their movements. This allows them to begin exploring their environment and learn how their world operates. Physical control and co-ordination progress downwards, beginning with the head and moving through the neck, trunk arms and the legs.Muscle control 0-3 years: 2 Months – able to raise head when lying on stomach Months- can grasp objects using whole hand 6 Months- Can sit up without support 8 Months – Can start to crawl 12 Months – can walk without help 18 Months- Can climb stairs and run but often falls 2 Years – Can controls muscles which allow for toilet training and can climb on furniture and kick a ball but not yet catch one 3 Years- can Jump and ride a tricycle Intellectual – means the development of the mind and lets us to recognize, remember, reason, know and understand thing around us.We also develop communication skills which allow us to make ourselves understood and to develop relationships. As children interact with the environment they slowly organism their thoughts and develop a set of Reposes for dealing with the world. These become adapted as new experiences occur giving us all a better understanding of our world. Language development is another part of intellectual development; children should know at least six works by 18 months.Most one-years-olds should be able to name simple objects and by the age of two most are able to put two or three words together into a simple sentence. By the age of three, most speech should be understandable and children should be able to speak in complete sentences. Emotional- at the age of one babies are able to learn about the effect their behavior has on their parents/guardians and can express emotions through tears, laugher and facial expressions At two years of age toddlers are known for their temper tantrums â€Å"terrible two's† as they struggle to express how they feel.They are able to show things to a certain degree, which is often expressed through play. At the age of three, children are more sensitive to others feelings and will share their toys with others and take it in turns to play with toys. They are interested in having friends and his is often when children start nursery or playgroup Social – Social development is similar to emotional development, young children from friendships and tends to show preferences for particular people.Language skills are important in the development of this relationship and, as children develop, they are more able to express their feeling verbally. Contact between ages is part of a normal family life and children benefit f rom spending time with both older and young people. Most children start nursery at this age and this provides an opportunity for them to share time with different age groups. Childhood 3- 11 years physical- growth continues really fast during childhood, although not as fast as in the first three years, and body proportions as beginning to be more adult-like.Gross and fine motor skills are becoming more advanced, like tying shoes, making and decorating a cake, playing football, building a musical instrument, throwing a ball and gymnastics Intellectual – as children get older they are able to do more logical activities. That begins to understand different concepts but often need to actually see concrete objects in order to understand them. As a child progresses through this tag they become fluent in language and may develop a good vocabulary. They become able to construct sentences and use grammar well.Moral development is something that begins during this phase. This is the pr ocess by which children take on rules and expectations of the society in which they brought up and develop a sense of right and wrong Emotional – as children progress through this stage they begin to lose the bounds with their main careers although they still need their support. They begin to be more independent and start to develop a sense of ‘sense' Most of our emotional responses are learned from our parents/guardians.All children learn to control of their emotional Reposes and to resolve conflict and parents/guardians should praise them when this occurs while trying to understand the temper tantrums of frustration that do occur. Children begin to show signs of compassion and empathy and again careers need to encourage this. During this stage children also develop the ability to talk about their feelings. Even at a young age children will say things such as ‘l feel sad' or ‘that makes me happy'. Social- as children develops into social beings they go thro ugh what us termed oscillations.Primary solicitation takes place within the family although there as many different types of family. Relationship with people outside the family becomes more important as children move through this stage. Teenagers 11-19 years Physical- at puberty, chemicals in your body called hormones trigger many changes, including growth spurts and weight increases, and boys and girls begin to change and look different as they grow into young woman and men. Intellectual- ideas about religions and politics may also begin to think about as their minds become more complex. Long term memory develops which enables teens to study for pass exams.Adolescents are able to start thinking about possibilities for both their immediate and long-term futures and plan ahead. Decisions such as whether or not to continue in education or to go out to work may be options for some. Emotional- often teenagers alternate from behaving like children and then behaving as adults. They also o ften feel misunderstood and may challenge parental value, deliberately pushing against boundaries which are often perceived as too restrictive or controlling. Teenagers become less dependent on family for emotional support and urn to their friends for advice, which is called influence of a peer group.Young people want to be accepted by their friends and this can sometimes lead to difficult situations, affecting both self-esteem and self-concept. Social- social and emotional developments are intertwined. As teenagers gain independence, they spend more time with friends. This allows them to practice social skills. As teenagers turn more to their peers they often struggle because they want to be liked. Peer recognition is very important and things like the types of clothes and interest that are followed become significant.Peer pressure can also present difficulties as it can challenge many of the ideas learned from families. This can be a period during which problems can start by exper imenting with alcohol, sexual orientation and attitudes toward education. 2. Know the factors that affect children and young people's development 2. 1 identify the factors that affect children's and young people development to include: Background health environment Income- An income is the amount of money an individual has pay to provide everything they need in there life.This usually comes from paid employment or infinite an individual may receive from the government. Housing- where your life affects a lot of an individual's growth and development, some people live in cities, towns, some live in the suburbs and some live in rural areas. There are different types of places that you live in that can affect your health and wellbeing. Housing standards have improved a lot in the I-J but there are still people who live in poor housing. Environment- as well as the type of home you live in, the local environment and your community also affect your growth and development.Other environmenta l actors can include living in overcrowded areas with no recreation spaces, living close to busy roads which are noisy, living near sources of pollution or living a long way from health and welfare services. Many areas have high crime areas which is very dangerous and stressful Education- education affects development mainly because it affects Job opportunities. Higher educational achievement usually gives individuals more choice of the types of career or employment they can follow in the I-J, education is compulsory between the ages of 5 and 16, although many people study ended the age.Culture- people are categorized by themselves and others in different ways for example, race, social class, ethnicity or religion. Sometimes this can lead to stereotyping and people may make generalizations about other based on, for example, the types of clothing they wear. Gender- gender stereotypes as also reinforces by the types of Job people are directed to. For example, the health and social car e sector is mainly staffed by woman although today many more men are choosing Jobs in this area. Once in working there are employment laws against discrimination. 3. Know how to support children and young people's development. . 1 outline different ways to support children and young people's development to include; physical development communication intellectual development social, emotional and behavioral development Play is a big role in children's and young people's development. There are different ways in using language, verbal ways which are to question, clarify, describe, explain and debate. There is also nonverbal ways to communicate, like listening, looking and touching. Talking to your child, tell your child what is going to happen for example now we're going to have a bath.When we are dry, we'll get dressed â€Å"parents can start reading with simple board books and longer stories as their child gets older. Story times where they can use their imagination and have input i n their stories are also effective. Music is also good play to young children; they will interact with the music by dancing and try to sing to the words. When they listen to lively songs or rhymes they learn about the world around them and the rhythm of language. Repeat their statements back to them with correct words. Give your child lots of praise for heir efforts.Physical Children develop at different rates while some are naturally late bloomers and others are ahead, there are things parents can do to encourage and support a child's physical development. Encourage your child to move from one place to another, play games with them, run around a playground or sports field, and climb things. Intellectual Encourage your child to find out what he likes to do and answer your child's questions when you can. As they grow older, many children lose their curiosity. Make sure your child eats well, stay active and gets proper amounts of sleep.Provide an opportunity to learn musical instrumen ts or practice some form of performing arts. Reading will help your child's mind grow. Social, emotional and behavior development Children often struggle with expressing their feelings; they need help knowing how to appropriately manage their feelings. Using language to identify, label and respect. It can also be helpful to tell and show young children other ways to manage like pounding clay, drawing pictures, and telling stories about how they are feeling. Helping to find appropriate ways to express emotions.

What Does Ozone Have to Do With Global Warming

There is a lot of confusion surrounding the role played by ozone in global  climate change. I often encounter college students who conflate two very distinct problems: the hole in the ozone layer, and greenhouse gas-mediated global climate change. These two problems are not as directly related as many think. If ozone had nothing to do with global warming, the confusion could be cleared up simply and quickly, but unfortunately, a few important subtleties complicate the reality of these important issues. What Is Ozone? Ozone is a very simple molecule made up of three oxygen atoms (hence, O3). A relatively high concentration of these ozone molecules float around 12 to 20 miles above the surface of the Earth. That layer of widely scattered ozone plays a crucial role for life on the planet: it absorbs most of the sun’s UV rays before they reach the surface. UV rays are damaging to plants and animals, as they cause serious disruptions inside living cells. A Recap of the Ozone Layer Problem Fact #1: The thinning ozone layer does not result in significant increases in global temperatures Several man-made molecules are a threat to the ozone layer. Most notably, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were used in refrigerators, freezers, air conditioning units, and as the propellant in spray bottles. The usefulness of CFCs stems in part from how stable they are, but this quality also allows them to withstand the long atmospheric journey all the way up to the ozone layer. Once there, CFCs interact with the ozone molecules, breaking them apart. When sufficient amounts of ozone have been destroyed, the low concentration area is often called a â€Å"hole† in the ozone layer, with increased UV radiation making it to the surface below. The 1989 Montreal Protocol successfully phased out CFC production and use. Are those holes in the ozone layer the main factor responsible for global warming? The short answer is no. Ozone Damaging Molecules Play a Role in Climate Change Fact #2: Ozone-depleting chemicals also act as greenhouse gases. The story does not end here. The same chemicals that break down ozone molecules are also greenhouse gases. Unfortunately, that trait is not a sole characteristic of CFCs: many of the ozone-friendly alternatives to CFCs are themselves greenhouse gases. The extended family of chemicals CFC belongs to, halocarbons, can be blamed for approximately 14% of the warming effects due to greenhouse gases, behind carbon dioxide and methane. At Low Altitudes, Ozone Is a Different Beast Fact #3: Close to the surface of the Earth, ozone is a pollutant and a greenhouse gas. Up to this point, the story was relatively simple: ozone is good, halocarbons are bad, CFCs are the worst. Unfortunately, the picture is more complex. When occurring in the troposphere (the lower portion of the atmosphere – roughly below the 10-mile mark), ozone is a pollutant. When nitrous oxides and other fossil fuel gases are released from cars, trucks, and power plants, they interact with sunlight and form low-level ozone, an important component of smog. This pollutant is found in high concentrations where vehicle traffic is heavy, and it can cause widespread respiratory problems, worsening asthma and facilitating respiratory tract infections. Ozone in agricultural areas reduces vegetation growth and affects yields. Finally, low-level ozone acts as a powerful greenhouse gas, albeit much shorter lived than carbon dioxide.

Nora s Self Discovery Of A Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen

Nora’s Self Discovery In Henrik Ibsen’s playwright A Doll’s House, there are several observations one can infer about the character Nora, as the reader can see throughout the play. Henrik Ibsen is well - known for his radical playwright publications. During the time that A Doll’s House, was published the public would consider this realistic play quite controversial. The major questionable issue was with the character Nora and her actions in the play. In A Doll’s House Nora is presented in the beginning of the play as an obediate wife and mother, but later she transforms into an independent free thinking women. At first the protagonist, character Nora seems subserviate towards her husband. The reader can infer this by what’s said in the first few lines of the play. Helmer refers to her as his little squirrel and a spendthrift. She doesn’t seem to mind this and in fact she actually plays along with his childish name calling, as the reade r can see in this quote. â€Å"Yes, but, Torvald, this year we can really let ourselves go a little. This is the first Christmas that we have not needed to economize† (Ibsen 770). The reader can also see that Nora cares for her husband greatly as explained here by literary critic, DeVaull. He says Nora’s whole reasoning for borrowing the money and forging her father’s signature was to help her husband get well from his sickness (276). In the beginning the audience sees Nora as a money loving wife and the audience may think that she just wantsShow MoreRelatedA Dolls House Reaction Paper-Drama927 Words   |  4 Pages  Ã‚   Reaction Paper-Drama Angela Ericksen University of Phoenix The play â€Å"A Dolls House† was written by Henrik Ibsen. This play truly is an interesting, play and it really connects with how things can be in real life which helps the readers truly connect with it! Henrik Ibsen,  in full Henrik Johan Ibsen  was a major Norwegian play righter of the late 19th century who introduced to the European stage a new order of moral analysis that was placed against a severely realistic middle-class backgroundRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1717 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"A Doll, a Partner, and a Change† Social movement of women liberation toward equal rights and independence has been a big subject in human history. It happens not only in Europe but also all over the world. Though making progress, this movement has been advancing slowly and encountered backslashes from time to time. Maybe there is something deeply hidden which the society has not figured out yet, even women themselves. What do women want, freedom or good life? Most of the time, they are notRead MoreHenrik Ibsen s A Doll s House885 Words   |  4 Pagesis common to think of Shakespeare and the stories of love, betrayal, and death which are so commonly portrayed in his work. The play a â€Å"A Doll s House† by Henrik Ibsen is not much different than the classics as it exemplifies the loss and anguish endured while pursuing a principal. The play is a modern tragedy following the painful path of Nora s self discovery, which comes at the cost of questioning societal norms and family roles. Her tragic plight i s masked by the comedic, fun loving behaviorRead MoreSymbolism of a Dolls House2840 Words   |  12 Pagesï » ¿Alex Simonton Research Paper Third Period April 15, 2015 Symbolism of Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House A Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen is perhaps one of the most hotly debated plays to come out of the 19th century.   The eighteen hundreds continued the process of the demystification that began with the Enlightenment.   Because of the discoveries of the Enlightenment, humans could no longer be sure about their place in the universe.   This, of course, had an impact on the theater.   The movement towardRead MoreWomen s Rights By Henrik Ibsen1481 Words   |  6 PagesHenrik Ibsen playwright supports the awareness of women s rights by creating female characters that represent the struggle for freedom from their restricted roles. After years of playing the role of a superficial doll, Nora converts into an assertive and determined woman. The true cause of Nora s transformation starts with a revolution within her. Ibsen dramatizes Nora s discovery of identity by means of various literary techniques. By the finale of the play, Nora has survived a deconstructionRead MoreA Dollà ¢â‚¬â„¢s House by Henrik Ibsen Essay961 Words   |  4 PagesIn Henrik Ibsen’s play A Doll’s House, pointedly captures the reality of the Victorian Era within the play. Nora Helmer, the protagonist of the story, represents the typical women in society during that era. The audience’s first impression of Nora is a money obsessed, childish, obedient house wife to her husband, Torvald Helmer. However, as the play progresses one can see that Nora is far from being that typical ideal trophy wife, she is an impulsive liar who goes against society’s norm to be whomRead MoreNora – a Classical Hero in Henrik Ibsens a Doll`S House2683 Words   |  11 PagesNora – A Classical Hero in Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll`s House Nora Helmer makes the right decision to free herself from the social and traditional commitments and obligations and come and become an independent individual. Nora Helmer in Isbens A Dolls House lived in the world of predetermined social and societal constraints that made her deprived her of her freedom and happiness. The society in which she lived wanted people to live according to the rigidly set norms and standards of the societyRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Scarlet O Hara896 Words   |  4 Pagesof subordination and distinction between the two genders. In even the most canonized literary works, women are often portrayed as being inadequate. However, there are also many female embodiments of strength, dignity, and passion. Scarlet O’Hara, Nora Helmer, and Edna Pontellier radiate all of these traits, while maintaining their own unique characteristics. They each defy the standard roles of women, and form their own identities in even the most oppressive cultures. Gone With the Wind is regardedRead MoreA Dolls House1307 Words   |  6 PagesA Dolls House: 2. How does the imagery in the play aid the audience to appreciate the themes, the dramatic question(s), of the play? A Dolls House is a play written in 1879 by Henrik Ibsen depicting the story of a couple Nora and Torvald Helmer. The play specifically follows the journey of the character Noras self-discovery and struggle against the oppression of her husband Torvald and the society that he represents. Ibsen uses non-verbal elements such as screen directions and setting descriptionsRead More Reasons Nora Helmer Must Leave Her Husband in Henrik Ibsens A Doll House1720 Words   |  7 PagesReasons Nora Helmer Must Leave Her Husband in Henrik Ibsens A Doll House Foreward: Henrik Ibsens A Doll House (aka A Dolls House) is so rich in moral, political, and metaphysical (if one is to regard such matters as selfhood and identity as metaphysical) insights and criticisms that it is hard to imagine how one could absorb it all in one sitting. Its moral message was very bold in its day and remains so in the more slowly progressing parts of the world, like North America. Institutions

Cyber Criminals And The National Security - 2126 Words

In these days, internet is more important than ever, and therefore, having security plans will, at least, make things challengeable for hackers. Dinicu (2014) claims that cyber criminals’ threats to the national security are the most dangerous and most recent ones. Also, she writes, hackers’ main focus is more on democratic countries and multinational organizations than the non-democratic countries (Dincu 2014). Fifty years ago, we would not have to worry about internet security because we would not have so much money and privacy depending on internet. But nowadays, our communication, money, traveling, etc. can be affected by one or more cyber criminals. We work and our money comes to us using direct-deposit; we call our loved ones†¦show more content†¦Therefore, it is crucial to learn about the methods that hackers use to steal information. By learning about hacking, we can help ourselves and others to stay safe while using the internet. One of the ways in whi ch hackers steal information from people is physically. In physical hacking, hackers are usually trusted by their victims or have some sort of relationship with them. One example is getting papers that show PII (Personal Identifiable Information) from the garbage cans. According to Arlistch and Edelman (2014), one of the easiest hacking methods is physical hacking. They claim that physical hacking are usually more successful because they are quicker and hackers sometimes find the information they want stored in thumb drives and old devices. The information hackers find sometimes helps them to access victims accounts, and they get more information by finding important data about their victims. In addition to papers, hackers are really interested in thumb drives, old cell phones, and anything that can store information. We may think that we can delete our files from a thumb drive and it is safe to let someone to barrow it or get it after clear the thumb drive and format it, but it is not. In fact, hackers can get many files from the devices and thumb drives that have been formatted multiple times using recovery software programs. In some other cases, hackers have direct access to the

A Tree Grows in Brooklyn Paper Free Essays

I. Intro paragraph a. Hook: In the Irish American community of Brooklyn in the 1900’s, immigrants faced discrimination and crushing poverty b. We will write a custom essay sample on A Tree Grows in Brooklyn Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the world that Betty Smith describes in â€Å"A Tree Grows in Brooklyn† however, this poverty is depicted as a kind of virtue, a force that causes individuals to grow, and families to bond c. Yet, while female characters like Katie and Francie grow from overcoming the hardships brought on by poverty, Francie’s father Johnny Nolan is defeated by it and ends up dying of alcoholism. In the 1900’s, gender roles and social expectations of men and women were more rigid than today, and both sexes were supposed to stay within gender boundaries d. In telling the story of Katie and Johnny Nolan, Betty Smith reveals how often times immigrant women like Katie, who went against gender stereotypes, survived and grew from the hardships of poverty, while men like Johnny, who tried to fulfill their gender role, were defeated by it. II. 1ST Body paragraph a. In the beginning of the novel, he has found a job, but it is as a low paying waiter and unstable. Even so, he dresses with style, is handsome, and seems content being a singing waiter. He is able to bring home money to his wife, Katie. His daughter, Francie always helps him get his bow tie on and he calls her â€Å"pre-Madonna,† then she eagerly awaits his return with her brother Neely, for he always bring back treats like caviar and oysters. They are a happy family. However, Johnny loses his job and his family becomes more and more hungry, but he can’t help them. He can’t find another job i. In the early 1900’s, men were supposed to provide for their family, but as Johnny Nolan illustrates, this was hard for immigrant men. ii. Perhaps not being in control and not being able to bring home money to his family makes him feel like a waste and a failure, for as the story goes on, he drinks more and more until he dies of alcoholism. Katie tries to help her husband, â€Å"She told him it was a good thing, that suffering would harden him, would teach him such a lesson that he’d stop drinking. But poor Johnny just wouldn’t harden. † (P. 98) iii. Johnny grew up with the gender stereotype of the man of the house being the â€Å"breadwinner†, and in the Irish American community in Brooklyn, he cannot fulfill this role. III. 2ND Body paragraph i. Yet, Katie has no choice and even though the cleaning job she finds does not pay well, she goes out to work ii. In contrast, Katie, Francie’s mother, is able to overcome poverty because she breaks down the gender stereotypes of what a married woman should do in her time; Katie goes out of the house to work. At that time, were expected to stay home and be cared for while caring for the children iii. Yet, Katie has no choice and even though the cleaning job she finds does not pay well, she goes out to work. Thus, as she faces poverty, we see Katie rise to the challenge by being flexible. In contrast to Johnny, she is able to experience poverty as a learning experience and change. At one point she says to passersby, â€Å"Look at that tree growing up there out of that grating. It gets no sun, and water only when it rains. It’s growing out of sour earth. And it’s strong because its hard struggle to live is making it strong. My children will be strong that way. † IV. 3RD Body paragraph a. Johnny and Katie Nolan, exemplify a theme of gender difference in the overcoming of poverty for immigrants i. Katie is flexible and able to adapt, so she eventually obtains a better life. She does not stay within her gender role of remaining in the house, but goes out to work. In contrast, Johnny is unable to be as flexible and his stubbornness in keeping within his gender role and his own idea of his responsibility to his family eventually destroys him ii. Betty Smith does not judge Johnny in her novel, but rather portrays him as a sympathetic and highly likeable, but he is a conflicted and ultimately tragic character. V. Conclusion paragraph a. In the patriarchal society of the early 1900’s that Betty Smith describes in her book â€Å"A Tree Grows In Brooklyn†, it would seem logical if women did not fair as well as men in times of difficulty. After all women had fewer rights. They could not vote or get the same wages as men i. By going against gender stereotypes, Katie is able to persevere and overcome poverty, while her husband, Johnny Nolan, who tries to follow them, is defeated iii. In 2012 many women have broken gender boundaries; Hilary Clinton is Secretary of state, Lady Gaga and Beyonce are millionaires and international pop stars. Men too have broken out of gender stereotypes for it is socially acceptable for men to work at home and even earn less than women. In â€Å"A Tree Grows In Brooklyn, â€Å" however, Betty Smith captures a world, gone now, in which strict gender roles defined a person’s life. But for immigrants, trying to make a start in America, the need to adapt and go against these gender roles was critical. How to cite A Tree Grows in Brooklyn Paper, Essay examples

Sustainable Supply Chain Management

Question: Discuss about the Sustainable Supply Chain Management. Answer: Introduction: The internal process focuses on the management intervention affecting financial or customer outcomes. Supply chain management involves integration and coordination of downstream and upstream activities starting from the procurement of raw materials to finished goods. The need for communication in supply chain management cannot be overstated (Qiang et al. 2014). Recently, a friend of mine narrated me his horrible experience he had with one of the suppliers. A large number of items had been ordered that was supposed to be put in a large container and shipped to Singapore via the ocean. However, the supplier learnt that all the packets would not fit in the large container that was agreed upon. Rather than alerting about the issue, the supplier made his own decision and removed a large number of products without communication. No warning was provided to my friend or the customers. Upon delivery of the products, the ignorant customers received it in a poor condition. The customers were disappointed as they had waited for the products. This situation would have been avoidable if communication was made by the supplier via email, text or call (Zhu, Sarkis and Lai 2013). Therefore, from the above experience I can infer that communication is the key to supply chain management. It may be painful for the supplier in the beginning, but it shall avoid the customers from getting disappointed. If majority of the time spent by the suppliers is to get worried about the blame for delays, he shall be more likely to upset its customers due to the different ways of doing business. Even when it comes to cooperating with different staffs in the organization, the communication process is strained. Both theoretically and in my opinion, proper communication between suppliers and stakeholders can bring creative ideas and improving the supply chain practices. However, if there is limited communication, the ability of the procurement department may influence the end to end process (Ellram and Cooper 2014). Based on the theoretical concepts and studies, I devised a few steps that a successful individual applies at the organization. These steps are inspired by my friend as he follows them to manage supply chains effectively by improving communications. Firstly, the stakeholders or suppliers need to be prioritised. Secondly, he believes that regular meetings with suppliers and stakeholders must be held. He holds meeting on a weekly basis so that proper communication can be made. My friend also uses email that presents a summary with the suppliers. In my opinion, the best strategy and step is to offer options. A list of options shall influence the stakeholders in communicating well and the decision shall not fall out of hand (Turker and Altuntas 2014). Conclusively, I have learned to be clear with the stakeholders for managing the internal process management effectively. Based on the lesson learned from my friends experience, I have learned that the stakeholders must tackle the concern effectively. Quick calls or visits must be paid to the stakeholders for effective communication. References Ellram, L. and Cooper, M., 2014. Supply Chain Management: It's All About the Journey, Not the Destination.Journal of Supply Chain Management, 50(1), pp.8-20. Qiang, N., Huang, Z., Ke, N. and Yang, Y., 2014. Overview of supply chain risk management and the current issues of closed-loop supply chain in China. International Journal of Business Continuity and Risk Management, 5(3), p.236. Turker, D. and Altuntas, C., 2014. Sustainable supply chain management in the fast fashion industry: An analysis of corporate reports. European Management Journal, 32(5), pp.837-849. Zhu, Q., Sarkis, J. and Lai, K., 2013. Institutional-based antecedents and performance outcomes of internal and external green supply chain management practices. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 19(2), pp.106-117.